Fatal Dog Issues: Gastric Dilatation & Gastric Torsion Complex


Gastric dilatation and Gastric torsion complex is a condition that may occur in any breed, at any age. Commonly known as bloat, this syndrome is most often encountered among large and deep-chested breeds. The complex results from the dog's inability to pass food (or other ingesta) through the stomach into the lower intestines, or lack of capacity for emesis (vomiting) if torsion has occurred.

Initial clinical signs of gastric torsion can occur suddenly, normally a few hours after a meal. The dog may become restless, excessively salivate and have unproductive attempts at vomiting. As the abdomen distends, pain manifests. Reluctant to move, the dog may also refuse to lie down. As the case advances in severity, the onset of shock becomes evident with pale mucous membranes, a rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) and a weakened pulse. A dog with this condition is headed toward a rapid and painful death. This is a true veterinary emergency.

Dogs that have survived are prone to recurrence. Studies of gas present in afflicted dogs' stomachs indicate a primary cause to be accumulated swallowed air. Gulping eager eaters appear to swallow more air than finicky, picky eaters. Exercise shortly after eating has also been associated with gastric torsion. Other factors that may produce gastric torsion can be general anesthesia, abdominal surgery, traumatic injury, spinal injury, overeating, ingestion of foreign materials, whelping, vomiting and malignant tumors.

Recurrence of the torsion complex because of dietary indiscretion is inevitable unless faulty feeding practices are amended. The dog should be fed light brothy meals three to five times daily for approximately three days before establishing a more normal diet. Relatively soft foods should be offered no less than three times daily over the following few days. When "normal" feeding resumes, the dog should be fed at least twice daily, and in small quantities each time. Raising the food dish on a platform to a level of the lower chest is also recommended, helping to reduce air intake during feeding.

There are a few points that bear emphasis with gastric torsion. The time factor in discovery and treatment by a veterinarian is critical because the dog's total collapse is imminent with this condition. An immediate diagnosis by a veterinarian is imperative to effect initiation of rapid treatment for survival. Delays in presentation, diagnosis and treatment must be avoided or the condition will prove fatal.

Once successfully treated, dogs can continue to lead normal healthy and productive lives providing daily concessions are made. Animals suffering an occurrence of this complex must lead as stress-free lives as possible. They should be fed several times daily throughout their lives. They should not be fed dry food alone: any kibble must be fed "wet." Dry food that does not swell once water and meat are added to it is recommended. Certain dogs may, however, require a special diet that is available only through the veterinarian.